Day 43:

Working Principles of various instruments:

1. Micro-Pipette : Suction pressure

2. Centrifuge: Centrifugal acceleration, sedimentation principle

3. Autoclave: High pressure and high temperature for killing micro organisms

4. Spectrophotometer: Measuring the intensity of light absorbed by a substance.

5. pH meter: Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions present in a sample and provides a value as how acidic or basic a solution is.

6. Vortex mixer: The motor attached to the rubber surface oscillates rapidly in circular motion. The motion is transmitted to the liquid present in the tube and a vortex is created which provides proper mixing.

7. Magnetic stirrer: A rotating magnetic field is used to spin a stir bar (flea) which is immersed in the liquid thus creating a rapid spin which causes uniform mixing of the solution

8. Thermal cycler: Raises and lowers the temperature of the block as per pre-programmed steps allowing denaturing, annealing and extension.

9.UV Transilluminator: Emits high levels of UV radiation that help to visualize DNA fragments in dye stained gels.

10. Laminar Air flow: Consists of a filter pad, a fan and a HEPA ( High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter. HEPA removes all air borne contaminants to maintain sterile conditions in the LAF hood.